Klin Onkol 2026; 39(5): 331-336. DOI: 10.48095/ccko2026331.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) represents a potentially curative treatment for hematological malignancies and selected non-malignant diseases, but it is associated with significant morbidity. Graft versus host disease (GvHD) is a major cause of mortality and impaired quality of life (QoL) after allo-HSCT, affecting 20–50% of transplant recipients. Patient QoL is a key indicator of transplantation success, with GvHD representing its most significant negative predictor. Both acute and chronic GvHD pose substantial threats to QoL, with chronic GvHD considered as the main cause of long-term morbidity and mortality. Our findings indicate that every patient in the studied cohort experienced at least three complications related to treatment and allo-HSCT itself. Notably, even mild health deterioration and mild organ impairment of the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and musculoskeletal system were associated with clinically significant declines in physical QoL.